专四人文知识考点应试技巧

1.Which of the folowing is NOT a compound word?
A. Landlady
B. Greenhouse
C. Uplift
D. Unacceptable
[题解]D 属derivation

2.The word holiday originally meant holy day; but now the word signifies any day on which we don’t have to work. This is an example of ____
A. meanng shift
B. widening of meaning
C. narrowing of meaning
D. loss of meaning
[题解]B 关键字any

3.The capital of Australia is ____
A. Sydney
B. Melbourne
C. Canberra
D. Perth
[题解]C
Sydney第一大城市，位于New South Wales州;
Melbourne第二大城市，位于victoria州;
Canberra位于Sydney与Melbourne之间；
Perth位于Australia州

4.Which degree is offered in community colleges in the United States?
A. Master’s degree
B. Docter’s degree
c. Bachelor’s degree
D. Associate’s degree
[题解]D

5.George Bernard Shaw was a(n) ____
A. playwright
B. poet
C. novelist
D. essayist
[题解]A
（英）萧伯纳，爱尔兰裔，剧作家、批评家、社会评论家。著有Man and Superman,Back to Methuselah, Saint Joan圣女贞德, Arms and the Man，Pygmalion茶花女，获得1925年诺贝尔文学奖

6.John Galsworthy was most famous for ____
A. Heart of Darkness
B. Ulysses
C. The Forsyte Saga
D. A Passage to India
[题解]C
(英)高尔斯华绥，小说家、剧作家。著有The Forsyte Saga福赛特家史，于1993年获得了诺贝尔文学奖；
Heart of Darkness，作者Joseph Conrad，波兰裔英国小说家，另著有Lord Jim吉姆老爷；
Ulysses，作者James Joyce，爱尔兰作家，另著有Finnegans Wake为芬尼根守灵；
A Passage to India，作者E.M.Forster，英国小说家，另著有Howards End霍华德别业

7.The novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was witten by ____
A. Henry James
B. O. Henry
C. Harriet Beecher Stower
D. Mark Twain
[题解]D
（美）Henry James，著有Ambassadors, The Golden Bowl;
（美）O. Henry，短篇小说家, 真实姓名为William Sydney Porter，著有Cabbages and Kings，The Four Million；
（美）Harriet Beecher Stower，其反奴隶制小说Uncle Tom’s Cabin，促进了废奴运动发展；
（美）Mark Twain，真实姓名为Samnel Langhorne clemens，另著有The Adventures of Tom Samyer

8.The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication is _______
A. morphology
B. general linguistics
C. phonology
D. semantics
[题解]C
Linguistics语言学，the study of human language。包括Theoretical linguistics，Applied linguistics，Sociolinguistics，Cognitive linguistics和Historical linguistics。
这里主要考Theoretical linguistics，包括:
1.Lexis词汇学, the study of what is a word and where words come from
2.Semantics语义学，the study of meaning in a language
3.Phonetics语音学，the study of speech sounds (voice).
4.Phonology音位学/音系学,the study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication
5.Morphology形态学，the study of the structure and form of words and phrases
6.Syntax句法学，the study of the rules, or "patterned relations" that govern the way the words in a sentence come together，与morphology形态学并称grammer语法学
7.Stylistics文体学，the study of style used in literary, and verbal language and the effect the writer/speaker wishes to communicate to the reader/hearer.
8.Pragmatics语用学，generally the study of natural language understanding, and specifically the study of how context influences the interpretation of meanings.