四六级阅读真伪选项特征大盘点

　　这是细节题干扰项最常见的方法，是大多数同学由于粗心失分的地方。干扰项利用了原文的一部分结构和词汇，但在一些位置换掉个别词，造成了语义的变化。

　　特别提示：要留意选项各个句子成分是否与原文表述的意义一致。地点，时间，方式，程度 (副词)，性质 (如形容词)，甚至是主语和谓语都可能被偷换掉。

　　根本解决方法是细心求证选中的答案是否经得起原文的考验。这就要求我们在核对选项时需要把所有意群跟原文相应意群逐一进行对比，只要有偷换意群的，就是错误选项。

　　用数学方法来描述就是正负得负。

　　细节题不要跟着感觉走！

　　不能只凭一个单词的印象就选择答案！

　　必须去原文核实选项的每一个成分！

　　Example 1：

　　Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners (从业者).

　　"With virtual reality we'll be able to put a surgeon in every trench," said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.

　　The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.

　　Although Satava's vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. ......

　　37. Richard Satava has visions of_____.

　　A) using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas

　　B) wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefield 【细节陷阱: 方式、地点】

　　C) wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons

　　D) setting up mobile surgical units overseas

　　提示：根据问题信息，判断原文相关信息的位置。要善于利用各种举例、指代关系。

　　Example 2:

　　Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when heir students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business.

　　22. According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to ________.

　　A) apologize promptly for your subordinates' mistakes

　　B) be skillful in accepting blames from customers

　　C) make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessary

　　D) create a strong sense of company loyalty

　　启示：切勿断章取义！抓住原文关键、挖掘要准确！解析原文要准确，选项里每一个意群都要对照原文，核对是否有出入。

　　(4)推理题和细节题里的推理类选项

　　夸大后果：对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面程度(比如后果)进行了夸大处理。

　　如：某文章可能提到Anxietyàmental stress的因果关系，但干扰项可能出现Anxiousàmental disorder。

　　2.主旨类题目：

　　主旨归纳题

　　(1)以偏概全：在概括文章或段落大意时，用某一个段落的观点或细节冒充全文主要观点、中心思想的选项。也就是归纳概括的范围不足。

　　(2)主题扩大：归纳概括的范围过大，超过了文章讨论东西，与主旨大意是包含关系。

　　3.态度语气题：

　　干扰选项通常说法片面或偏激。六级阅读所选文章通常是理性的说明和论证，具有较强逻辑性，作者对于所讨论专题的态度不会是极其偏激的。如目前只作为干扰项出现过的有arbitrary(武断的)，subjective(主观的)，prejudiced(有偏见的), indifferent等。而成为正确选项的最安全选项是concerned。这类题目抓住基本特征，是属于必得的分数。
　　四、基本技能再回顾及应用 (以上各种干扰项的特征需牢记在心)

　　要求：

　　1。一定要控制自己不看原文直接选择答案的冲动！

　　2。写出每一个题目里面的错误类型，。

　　下面的各篇文章题目对我们以上讲过的干扰选项的所有情形包含在内了。要小心应付。

　　Passage I.

　　In the villages of the English countryside there are still people who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock their doors. There simply wasn't any crime to worry about.

　　Amazingly, these happy times appear still to be with us in the world's biggest community. A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up homes without fitting locks to their doors.

　　SATAN can try out a variety of well-known hacking (黑客的) tricks on an Internet site with-out actually breaking in. Farmer has made the program publicly available, amid much criticism. A person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to burgle (闯入......行窃).

　　But Farmer is very concerned about the need to alert the public to poor security and, so far, events have proved him right. SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks than cause new disorder.